Basques
The Basques a local ethnic group of people who are a little rough are discussed in the text as they must seem so different to the British and American travelers with their finer culture, education and high class ways. And yet they are likeable to the travelers as they seem such a care free group of people not bound by the shackles of modern society like the expatriate travelers. They act as an allusion of the freedom and care free joviality they are hoping to find on their journey of discovery. “These Basques are swell people.” (110)
Basques Intorudction. “Countries and Their Cultures. Advameg. Inc, 2011.Web.09 Oct 2011.
Ronceveaux
Jake points out to the town of Ronceveaux high up on the mountains where the Basques had held a famous battle to defeat Roland. This may well be an allusion by Hemingway to signify the battles and conflict they are facing in their lives and they aspiring to be like the Basques want to defeat their own personal conflict or their version of Roland by undertaking this adventurous fishing trip and vacation. The height of the mountain and the severe cold adds to the allusion that victory will not be easy but a painful steep climb and a challenge in their lives.
Hickman, Kennedy. "Battle of Roncevaux Pass - Charlemagne at Roncevaux Pass ." Military History - Warfare through the Ages - Battles and Conflicts - Weapons of War - Military Leaders in History. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Oct. 2011. http://militaryhistory.about.com>.
Fratellini
The song that Bill sings about irony and pity are explained by him to Jake in comparison of the two Fratellini brothers who were much admired for their circus acts in the 1900’s Paris. In the same way Bill uses this allusion of the circus act and irony and pity as two unlikely partners you would not imagine to be talked about in the same breath. But their unusual and juxtaposed meanings brings delight like a circus act you marvel at. BIill reluctant to get out for bed for an early morning fishing expedition begs Jake to show irony and pity and start setting up worms for the both of them, for the common good so that Bill can get some extra sleep and breakfast in leisure. He obviously feels it would be ironic for Jake to feel pity for Bill.
"Fratellini family - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia."Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Oct. 2011.
Primo de Rivera
Over breakfast Bill eggs on Jake to make any ironical remarks to the waitress who brings in the jam. He uses the reference of Primo de Rivera as an example he could use to make an ironical remark, who was a lawyer who campaigned for his father’s political policies and promoted Spain to become a Fascist state. This acts as an allusion as while the group are trying for freedom Bill wants to provoke the waitress on a controversial topic of a man who did not have their Western ideals about democracy. Bill may be telling Jake that he is a dictator in the way he behaves. He takes a dig at him and insults him for being an expatriate a traitor who does not want to live in his own country.
"Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera : Biography." Spartacus Educational. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Oct. 2011.
Dred Scott
The black slave in America who was not allowed to sue for his freedom and lost his infamous case, as the court decided that Africans cannot become US citizens. This is used by Bill as an allusion that Jake is a foreigner, slave to the whims of being an expatriate but will never be accepted as a citizen or local of Paris or Europe. He explains that he is fond of Jake but could not tell him in New York as it was unacceptable and would seem gay but here in Spain he has the courage to reveal his feelings of friendship. Jake and the others are desperately trying to find out who they are on this journey and want to no longer be slaves of their own mind.
"Dred Scott." PBS: Public Broadcasting Service. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Oct. 2011.
Anti Saloon League
The characters are desperate for their freedom and that involves the freedom to drink to drown their sorrows. The Anti Saloon League was against the freedom of slaves such as Dred Scott (did not become ironically scott free), and lobbied for prohibition which banned alcohol. Forces are working against Jake to deny him of his own rights and freedom. “sex explains it all,” (121) could refer to his impotency getting in the way of him having his true love Brett.
"Anti-Saloon League - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Oct. 2011.
AEW Mason
The book that Jake reads by the author AEW Mason as he takes a break from fishing is about a man who climbs the Alps and is frozen for 24 years but his lady love waits for him. This acts as an allusion that Jake in the bitter cold of this high up fishing village is sexually frozen (impotent) and wistfully hopes that Brett will wait years for him until they find a cure to free him from his vegetative state.
William Jennings Bryan
As they eat their lunch Bill makes a quip of the old proverbial saying about whether the chicken or egg comes first. He boldly states that they should eat their egg first and even Bryan would know that. Bryan in fact died yesterday states Jake so in tribute Bill mockingly in his memory and honor changes his mind and rhetorically states that the chicken should be eaten first and then the egg. Bryan was an American politician but was thought of as the ‘Great Commoner ‘, and this is a sarcastic comment to act as an allusion that Bill and Jake are highly bred and not commoners and know the etiquettes of eating their lunch.
"American Experience | Monkey Trial | People & Events." PBS: Public Broadcasting Service. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Oct. 2011.
Mencken
Bill went to school with Mencken the writer who criticized American life and culture and acts as a tongue in chief reference to Bill making fun of religion as he wants to pray and drink and to what society tells you can do or not do. Mencken was controversial and sided with the Germans in the war and acts as an allusion for the way Bill is behaving over lunch, controversial and a character to be ridiculed.
H. L. Mencken - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Oct. 2011.
Frankie Fritsch
Bill denies that Frankie Fritsch went to the Holy Cross and insists that this baseball player could not be associated with him but instead attended Fordham University. This acts as an allusion that Bill sees himself as a highly intellectual person who could not associate with sport people known more for their brawn than their brain. Fritsch also came from the Bronx which was in society the wrong side of New York to live in.
"Frankie Frisch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Oct. 2011.
Bishop Manning
Jake explains that he went to Loyola school with Bishop Manning who was a hard living man and hard drinker musician who lived out of juke joints and bars which acts as an allusion to the lifestyle Jake leads. Bishop eventually mended his ways and found religion which may act as a foreshadow of the future of Jake. Bill who is drunk likes and is jealous of Jakes school story and tries to steal it as his own but fails. Bill may be secretly envious of the life Jake leads.
"Bishop Manning Discography."HOME. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Oct. 2011.
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